Giovaimrcaselli



Giovanni 'oAsnLLL oi. FLORENCE, rrALit.

iwieuovewiear in 'rete-emerito aumentos.

Specification forming part of Letters, latent No. 379563.dated February 3, l1.863.

To all whom it may concern Be it `known that I, GIOVANNI tlAsuLLi, ot' Florence,in the Kingdom of Italy, have invented Iinproveinentsiin the Construction etand Mode ofVVoi-lin Telegra phie Apparatus; and I do'lereby declare that the. following is a tull and exact description of thc said invention.

By this application of this invention the fob lowing results may be produced-viz., first., cel ered letters or characters are obtainable upon white paper directgby the line-current without any local battery or relay, and from .original writing, in ordinary ink; secondly, dispatches l may' be reprodi'ieed cithferioi' the saine -size as. the originals or reduced, the character of the -originai writing being at the saine time ref tained; thirdly, diti'erent messages may be sini ultaneousl y transmitted th rou gli-a sin gle lin ewire; fourthly, tclegrams written in Morse or similar characters may be reproduced'by electro-chemical action.

In the acconiiianyingdrawings, Figures l and 2 represent an instrument with its bat` terres complete or set up at. one station, and

Figs. 3 and 4t representa similar' instrument with its appliances as arranged for a dist-ant station, the two instruments being connected .bymeaiis oi' a line-wire; Details ot' certain portions of these instruments are shown more clearly at Figs. 5, 6,7," and 7*, as also in the edge View, Fig. S, .i'ind1the plan view, Fig. 9. I

A B is gupenduluin six feet in length, provided at its lower extremity with a rectangular piece of iron, l), and a piece of lead, c, weigh-4 ing twelve pounds. rlhis pendulum is mounted in a east-iron framing or standards, C DE F, to which it is attached by a pendent strip of thin metal, gt, or it maybe siinplyhung on apivot.

. K is a battery, the current of which passing i from the positive pole -larrives at the button i 3 ofthe regulating apparatus. Fig. l follows the`wire d d, and after having traversed a in agnet-ic apparatusll, returns tothe button N. The currentthence' passes through the cable 0 to the point c, Fig. 2, where it is divided into two conducting-wires, which terminate at the small copper-plates@ and a. The pendulum AB,-being inthe position shown in the drawings, (that is, midway between two fixed elecftroanagnets, 1i and L) the current will be interrupted at the said plates of copper u, and c', 'which are mounted enen pieces of wood oi' oth er insulating material; but so soon as the pendulum (being made to deviate from its perpen-,K dieular position) follows the direction of theE arrow et etait will, on arriving` nearly at they end, of itscourse, cause the arm fw to pressagainst the ivory button g, which is carried by a small pendent lever, and thereby,'through the forward movement ot that lever, establish contact between a spring, h, and the plate a. The current will now pursue its course through the wire s s to the magnet H, and having` passed through the coil surrounding that magnet it will pass up through' the wire it' to the spring wirandthrough thestndm -andleverQ to the training C F D E; .thence to a wire screwed to the framing at 2, Fig. 2, and through the cable 0 O to the button 2, Fig. l, and bach to the Vnegative pole of fthe battery l, through the `ism of which reacts upon the piece ot' iron I).

The Wooden box P Pv, Fig. 1, contains a clock-work 'movement or ordinaryregulator, 19".' rlhe length of the pendulum of this regulator is adjusted in suoli a manner that it' makes somewhat less than two oscillations during the time that the large pendulum A B is mukingonly one oscillation.

' rlhe current of the battery L, starting from the positive pole passes through the elec tro-inagnetM, and thence, through the circuit breaker or ceinuiut-ator L and wire pt., to the spring u. Every time that the ymetal stud s, by the Aoscillation of the regulator-penduliun, touches the spring u the current passes into the wire rr, by which it returns to the battery L. The successive currents given ot't at each double oscillation ot' the regul:ttor-pendulum magnetize the electro-magnet M, which, by attracting the iron lever -ift-'instantly b iealts the circuit of the battery lli ie resulting dcinagnetization ot' the ainagnietli allows the pendulum A E to t'zillhy its own` gravity,.aud it bei ing afterward 'attracted by the magnet remains at rest a fraction of a second and again falls by the constantly repeated action. et the turn to thcleft the small lever L', Fig. l.

regulator 1". vThe oscillation ol the pendulumpericnec has shown that the action ot' the commutator M, being very promptand rapid, the oscillations of the large pendulum A B were ,by this -means more regular and isochronous. In order to arrest atpleasurc the movement ot' the pendulum A B it is only necessarymto 1e circuit of the secondary battery L being thus broken permanently, the pendulum remains \ixed by one or the other ot' the two magnets, H Laccording to whether its last oscillation was to the right or the left.

\Vlien it is 4desired to stop the actionof the instrument for a long time the lever Q Q is to be raised by bringing it to the position ot' the dotted line. This movement otl the lever produces two results-it stops the pendulum mechanically, either to the rightor left, and bre'aks the circuit of the battery K. In order perfeet-l y to understand this result reference should be had to Fig.' 2, and, also to Fig. 7*, which rel presents the said mechanism in plan view.

The double lever pp, which is hung on the pendulum by the pivot p', is held in its horizontal position by the spring r, and near its extremities, which are hook-shaped, it carries two ivory studs c c. When the pendulum is retained to the right or the left by the action of the magnets Hor I, if the lever Q- be raised one of the extremities of the lever p p will take into the stop-piece q, and by being hooked onto it will keep the pendulum in its oblique position 5 at the same time the ivory stud ce, bearing upon the springm, will move it away from the metal pin n', and interrupt the `current conducted by the wire t'. The same battery K, which maintains, as has been explained, the movement ot' the large pendulum .A B, serves also to establish telegraphic communication betwecnthe two corresponding stations. As soon as either of the electro-magnets HI ceases to retain the pendulum the current starting from the pole of the batteryKisconducted to tliebutton 3,and asitcannot pass out through the wire d d it enters the cable O O, which is composed of four copper wires covered with caoutchouc. The current passes out of the cable by the. wire 3, Fig. 2; thence through the copper lever z, the stud mand-lever g, and' throughthe wire s' to the lever g'. From this lever itpasses by means of the wire liuto the cable 0 O, out from thence by the button 1, Fig. l and after havin g passed through the battery Z again enters the line-wire, which condlwtsitv tothe app'aratus,Fig. 4, situate attheother station. .After having producedin this machineV the effects about to be described, it returns through the earth to the plate p l, Fig. 1, and through the button 2 returns to the negative pole ot' the battery K. f

In order to show clearly the ei'ects produced by the line-current at the receiving-station it is necessary vto refer to certain parts of the machine not yet explained.` l

The movement of the pendulum AB is transmitted by means of. the link V- to a lever, y y, which rocks upon a fulcrurn, a', supported in bearings attached to a bracket of the main framing. (See the Adetached sectional view, Fig. 7, and side view, Fig. 5.) This levery A carries the marking apparatus, which consists of the following parts: Two right-and-lefthanded screws, l) b', coupled end to end, and mounted in aframe attached to the upper part ofthe lever, form the shaft of aratchet-wheel, c, which is keyed thereto. The lever y carries also a pallet-lever, t' u' a', two limbs'ot which embracethc ratchet-wheel 0,wh'ile the pendent .tail of the lever is situate between two xed screws attached to the main framing ot' the instrument. As, therefore, the lever y is.

rocked on its -fnlcrnm ait-bythe connecting-rod which couples it with the'pendulum A B, the

tail t' will strike against one of the screws, c e, which are intended 'to limit its movement,

while the pallets uu will communicate al1-:axial motion to the ratchet-wheel c, and through-lit to the screws b'b. Working. into the threads of4 these screws are the threaded caps le', c', which are affixed to slides Vd d supported by guide-bars c e. These bars are in the form oi' a rectangular prism, but they are rounded tremities a point or style, r o. t t' are seg-4 mental't-ables. (Shown in side view at Fig. 5, and inedge view at Figs. 2 and 7.) These tables are made of tin, and are carried by a bracket of the main framing. y The center of their are is at the point From the above detailed description ofthe apparatus it will be readily understood that. when the pendulum A" B oscillates the two styles 'u fv' will alternately rise-and fall simuli taneously, and that at the completion .of each oscillation ot' the -lever 3/ thc'yxvill receive a lateral or shogging motion. sive beats ot the vpendulum",willcause the styles alternately to describe uponfthe paper or other surface laid upon the segment-tables parallel arcs of circles ata certain distance from each other. The `number of teeth of the ratchet-wheel c and the pitch of the threadsof the screws it is preferred so to arrange that this distance shall be about one sixty-fourth of an inch.

Gr H, Fig. 5, are counter-weightsfor the `purv Thus the succesi' pose ot' maintaining equilibrium between the tu arms of the lever y y.

It new remains to observe the e'ect of the line-current, which at each oscillation of the large' pendulum, Fig. 2, arrives, as has been' shown .at the receiving-instrumen t, Fig. 4. This current being positive, first meetsy with the battery Z, Fig. 3, the poles of which are turned in a direction contrary to it. If the batteries K, Fig. l, and Z, Fig. 4, were of the same power, and if theline-wire were perfectly insulated, the two opposite currents would mutuali y destroy euch other; but as the battery Z only has one or two elements, while the .batf tcry -K is composed of a much larger number, the result is that the line-current entirely destroys' the other and is only-slightly weakened by; its resistance. The current, after having.. passed to the button l, Fig. 3, enters the cable 0 O, passes therefrom through the wire l, Fig. 4, to the lever g; 'thence through a wire to the lever y and spring h and by the Wire Z', back to the lever 3/ y. It should be observed that this lever is insulated from thccast-iron framing by pieces of wood 4. (Seen more clearly in Fig. 5.) From the rock-lever y y the current passes to the style e, and thence to the segmenttable t t, mounted upon the cast-iron framing, and back again to the screw to which thewire 2 is attached. This wire, at'ter passing through the-cable 'O 0pa-sses to the button 2, Fig. 3, `and again arrives at the earth through theplate pv l. The circuit bein g thus established between the two telegraphic stations, the two iron styles e c will remain electried during the whole time that they pass over and in contact with the tin scgmenttables t t,t t. If the surface ci" these segments be covered with sheets ot' paper steeped in a solution ot' ferro-cyanide of potassium, the iron styles, being positively electrified, will decompose the said cyanide and trace lines ot' a lightblue tint which will gradually cover the whole su rface or the paper. The coloring thus produced by the battery placed at the other station can only be discontinued bythe interruption ot' the line-current. This takes place, as will be readily u'nderstood, by the action of a strip ot' silvered paper containing the message a fac-simile of which it is desired to reproduce at the receiving-station, the message having been previonsly written thereon by means ot'fan ordivnary pen A and ink. rlhis 'pnpir haring been placed upon the segnientta-ble t z, Fig. 2, notice is sounded at the'other station by a hell, and the transmitting and receiving instruments are set in motion bythe mechanism already described with reference to Figs. l and 3.

lt should be tirst remarked that when the point r, (which should be made of platinnm,) passes over the silvered surface of the paper without coming in contact with the written characters, the current of the battery K cannot circulate in the line-wire. In fact, on starting from the positive pole it passes to the outton 3, Fig. 1, through the cable to the wire 3.,

Fig; 2".; passes through the brassleverZ, the wire z", the double lever y y, and the platinum style fr; thence through the silvercd paper into the segmental piece t, through the cast-iron framing to the screw 2, enters the cable, passes from itto the button 2, Fig. 1, and returns to4 the negative pole ofthe battery K. But every time this style comes in contact with the inklines, as that substance` isa. non-conductor, the electric communication is interrupted, and the current of the battery K, not being able to pass out o n that side,enters theline-wire, following the course already pointed out, and passes to the receiving station where it produces the coloring of the ehemically-prepared paper.

When the movements of the pendulunis placed at the two corresponding stations are perfectly synchronous the arrangement of the blue lines will be identical with that of the ink-lines forming the original dispatch. t

their movement were not perfectly synchron- .lum ofthe receiver were slower or faster than those of the pendulum of the transmitting apparatus.

1n order to maintain the synch rcuous'action at the minimum fraction of a second, it is necessary from time to time to act upon the pendulumof the regulator It, Fig. 3, so as to-augnient or diminish the duration of Aits oscillations. This is readily etfected by means of the spring u, the pressure of which upon the point s, fixed upon the pendulum ot the regulator,

may be increased or diminished by the micrometric screw cx, upon which is xed the index i. Ou turning-the button'aof this screw the index or pointer will pass ov r the divisions ot a graduated arc on the side ofthe bont E* l?,

(but not-shown in Ithe drawings.)

lf the pressure of the spring u be increased by turning the index some degrees to the right the movement of the pendulum will be sensibly accelerated, and if, on the contrary, the in-s dex be moved to the left its movement will be retarded. By this means, which is extremelyv simple, perfect synchronism (which is anesscnt-ial condition for the perfect reproduction ot' writings or drawings) is obtained; but identis developed from the battery L, Fig. 3, at euch interruption of the circuit ofthe battery K,

vupon the two segments of cylinders t' t and t -time upon the 4chemical papez'splaced upon and the instrument Fig. 2 the transmitter.

num, and those which touch` the chemical pay pers of iron.

. duce the breadth of the copy of the dispatch strument as the receiver, telegrams' on a reinal Writing. This arrangement might be of much weakened.

'the two instruments are'stoppihg, provided Fig. l. It is not necessary-to explain in what manner this negative currentfron the battery L may be produced, as' it hasfbeen -already shown that the action ofthat batterij; is only prevented by the passa gc of the principal cnrrent which starts from the other station. ,.The effect of this counter-current isfto-depolarize the iron style c', and immediately to arrest its chemical action upon the surface of the paper,

In order si multaneously to transmit tw' different dispatches, the originals are to be laid.

t of the instrumentrepresented.v -at,.Fig. 2. The friction of the styles 'u u upon the' surface of the tivo dispatches being alternateftghe lines ofthe one cannot beconfounded 'duringtheir reproduction with those of the other, andthey are reproduced; separately and at the same" the segments ofthe instrument shown atFig. 4.

From the foregoing description the :instrument Fig. e would appear to be the receiver,

it must, however, be .1 leinarlred that the two instruments are similar in construction, that the only dierence between that which transmits and that which receives the telegrams being that in thc one the position of the lever Z (as in Fig. z) turned to the left, while (as in Fig. 4) it is trmziod to the right. in order to transmit dispatches from the instrument Fig. e to that shown at Fig.2 it is only requisite to place these levers e in an inverse position and to change the styles, those which glide over the originals being made of platiln order to produce telegraphic copies of a size less than. that or" the originals a duplicate of the apparatus carried by the bracket M M must be provided and set up on a bracket at N N, on 'the righthand side ofthe instrument, the duplicate apparatus being similar to that showmiwith the exception of the bell appara-4 tus 13,) but of smaller dimensions. supposing the segmental piece t t', Fig. 7,to have a ra dios of :tire inches and the ratchet-wheel c to have eighteen teethif it were required to reby onesizrth--the radius of tlieuew segmental piece must be four inches, and the Wheel c must have fifteen teeth. ln this case by employin g the apparatus at the right side of the induced scalo would be obtained, reproducing faithfully theftorrn and proportions of the origgreat utility, especially between stations situate at great distances apart, as the electric action being concentrated upon a surface of less citent, the dispatch will be Well. marked and legible, even supposing the line-current to be The bell or signal apparatus E, Figs. 2 and 4, can only worlrwhile the pendulums-A' B ,of

that the levers Q. Q are' placed in the dirci. tion of the dotted lines.

0n pressing with the linger upon the stu: 0 of one signal apparatusit is easy to follow upon the drawings the course of the current of the battery K, in order to arrive at the magnet of the signal apparatus at the other 'stat-ion.

Figs. 10,11, and l2 represent an apparatu which is added to that above described .in or der to obtain copies of telegrams previously written with a pen in Morses characters on metallized paper. A band of tiuned or silvered paper. about four inches broad, and which may be even a yard in length, is laid over a cylinder, A B, Fig. l0,which is mounted on a shaft,

c' d, and lturns by thevaction of a weight, c. '.Eh'erotation of this drum is governed by stops or pallets e f ,working the teeth of au escapewheel attached torthebylinderA B. At the side of the iron standards C D E F of the rcceivin g and transmittinginstrument, and at a distance of about three feet therefrom is placed the apparatus here described, the two conducting-Wires bx o' of-:this apparatus being connected to the pointsm and 2 of the instrument Figs. 2 and. 4. The connecting-rod g c, Weich is about three fee-t long, is attached to the pendulum A B instead lof the rod w, which is detached from the apparatus.

Gn putting the pantelegrapli into action in the ordinary manner, the bar h fi, Figs, l@ and. lLWill receive a reciprocating movement from a segnientrack, s, which has a rockinginovcnient corresponding to that ot' the peinluluina At the same time the segment-rack s gearing into rack-teeth on the bar h 91, the-points c of will fall and rise alternately by the` action ci the double lever ot,which is mounted iu brachv ets attached to the bark fi, and strikesagainst the screws m m. This lever c is connected by means ci' a horizontal nd, o o, with two rocio levers, hf h", which carry, respectively, the styles oo,Figs. l0 and 11. The pallets e j", Worked vertically by the lever Gr by comingin conutact with the stop-pieces afwill allocT the.

cylinder A. B to turn by intermittent motions to the extent of about one-sixth of au inch un-l der the points c c. l

lf on the periphery of the Wheel AB a inetallized sheet has been placed bearing an original telegram written in Morses characters traced in -pen and ink exactlyupon parallel lines at a distance from each other of about one-fifth 'of an inch, and a strip of paper saturated with a solution of ferro-cyanide of potassium has been placed upon a similar cylinder situate at the other station, .the result will be that every time the 'platinum point gliding over the surface of the tinned paper comesin Contact with the ink-lines the current of the battery li will pass to the other station and reproduce faithfully upon the chemically-pra l 2. The employment of the marking device consisting ofthe oseillatiu g lever y, screws b b", slides d d, styles fv if, and tablets tt, or their equivalent parts, combined and operating together substantially as herein shown and deseribethirith the pendulum A B, as set forth.

3. The employment of the copying device consisting of the segment-rack s, bar h i, levers h 7U, styles v o', and intermittent drum A B, or tlieir.equi\aleiit parts, combined and operating i igetller, substantially as herein shown und deserihed, with the pendulum A 13, as set forth.

In witness' whereof I, the said GIOVANNI GASELLI, have hereunto set my hand and seal this 5th day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.

GIOVANNI ASELLI. [L. sd

Witnesses:

`GEO. HUT'roN, DAVID FULLER, [Inf/L Q/'GO Rue di: (Vlam-sai? Dunfiu, Pars. 

